Content-modification system with broadcast schedule utilization feature

ABSTRACT

In one aspect, a method includes (i) accessing, by a computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; (ii) using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; (iii) determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; (iv) determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and (v) causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

RELATED DISCLOSURES

This disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Pat. App. No. 62/888,923 filed Aug. 19, 2019 and U.S. Provisional Pat. App. No. 62/914,309 filed Oct. 11, 2019, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

USAGE AND TERMINOLOGY

In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified and/or unless the particular context clearly dictates otherwise, the terms “a” or “an” mean at least one, and the term “the” means the at least one.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a method includes (i) accessing, by a computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; (ii) using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; (iii) determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; (iv) determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and (v) causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

In another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, upon execution by a processor, cause performance of a set of operations. The set of operations includes (i) accessing, by a computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; (ii) using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; (iii) determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; (iv) determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and (v) causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

In another aspect, a computing system includes a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon program instructions that, upon execution by the processor, cause performance of a set of operations. The set of operations includes (i) accessing, by the computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; (ii) using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; (iii) determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; (iv) determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and (v) causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an example content-modification system in which various described principles can be implemented.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example computing system in which various described principles can be implemented.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of example linear sequences of content and related concepts.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, and 4F collectively make up a table showing example time-periods and corresponding operations that can be performed in connection with the example content-modification system.

FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of an example broadcast schedule.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Overview

To deliver and present content to end-users, a content provider can transmit the content to one or more content-distribution systems, each of which can in turn transmit the content to one or more respective content-presentation devices to be output for presentation to respective end-users. Such a hierarchical arrangement can facilitate convenient, widespread distribution of content.

By way of example, in order for a video content provider to deliver video content to end-users throughout the United States, the video content provider can transmit the video content by satellite or another medium to content-distribution systems that serve respective designated market areas (DMAs) within the United States. Each such content-distribution system can therefore receive the national satellite feed carrying the video content and can transmit the video content to television sets and/or set-top boxes in the content-distribution system's DMA, such that the video content can be output for presentation to respective end-users in that DMA. In practice, these content-distribution systems and their means of transmission to content-presentation devices can take various forms. For instance, a content-distribution system can be associated with a cable-television provider and can transmit video content to content-presentation devices of end-users who are cable-television subscribers through hybrid fiber/coaxial cable connections.

As such, in various scenarios, a content-distribution system can transmit content to a content-presentation device, which can receive and output the content for presentation to an end-user. In some situations, even though the content-presentation device receives content from the content-distribution system, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device to perform a content-modification operation so that the content-presentation device can output for presentation alternative content instead of at least a portion of that received content.

For example, in the case where the content-presentation device receives a linear sequence of content segments that includes a given advertisement segment positioned somewhere within the sequence, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device to replace the given advertisement segment with a different advertisement segment that is perhaps more targeted to the end-user (e.g., more targeted to the end-user's interests, demographics, etc.). As another example, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device to overlay on the given advertisement segment, overlay content that enhances the given advertisement segment in a way that is again perhaps more targeted to the end-user. The described content-modification system can facilitate providing these and other related features.

In one example, the content-modification system can include a fingerprint-matching server that can identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on an identified channel, which it can do by comparing and detecting a match between two different instances of fingerprint data. Based on the detected match, the fingerprint-matching server can then transmit fingerprint data and metadata to the content-presentation device data to facilitate preparing the content-presentation device to perform a content-modification operation in connection with the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity.

However, in other cases, it may be desirable for the content-presentation device to use one or more alternative techniques to facilitate performing a content-modification operation.

For example, the fingerprint-matching server can use broadcast-schedule data to facilitate the content-presentation device performing a content-modification operation. Among other things, this can allow the content-presentation device to facilitate performing a content-modification operation without using fingerprint data or by using fingerprint data in a more limited fashion. This can be beneficial in the case where the content-presentation device does not receive or otherwise have access to fingerprint data, or where the use of fingerprint data is undesirable for one or more reasons (e.g., because fingerprint-based techniques may be computationally expensive).

With this alternative approach, in one example, a coordination system (or another entity) can use the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. The coordination system can then determine that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel and can determine a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel. The coordination system can then cause the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. These and related features and concepts will be described in greater detail below.

II. Architecture

A. Content-Modification System

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an example content-modification system 100. The content-modification system 100 can include various components, such as a content-distribution system 102, a content-presentation device 104, a fingerprint-matching server 106, a content-management system 108, a data-management system 110, and/or a supplemental-content delivery system 112, and/or a coordination system 114.

The content-modification system 100 can also include one or more connection mechanisms that connect various components within the content-modification system 100. For example, the content-modification system 100 can include the connection mechanisms represented by lines connecting components of the content-modification system 100, as shown in FIG. 1.

In this disclosure, the term “connection mechanism” means a mechanism that connects and facilitates communication between two or more components, devices, systems, or other entities. A connection mechanism can be or include a relatively simple mechanism, such as a cable or system bus, and/or a relatively complex mechanism, such as a packet-based communication network (e.g., the Internet). In some instances, a connection mechanism can be or include a non-tangible medium, such as in the case where the connection is at least partially wireless. In this disclosure, a connection can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, the latter being a connection that passes through and/or traverses one or more entities, such as a router, switcher, or other network device. Likewise, in this disclosure, communication (e.g., a transmission or receipt of data) can be a direct or indirect communication.

The content-modification system 100 and/or components thereof can take the form of a computing system, an example of which is described below.

Notably, in practice, the content-modification system 100 is likely to include many instances of at least some of the described components. For example, the content-modification system 100 is likely to include many content-distribution systems and many content-presentation devices.

B. Computing System

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example computing system 200. The computing system 200 can be configured to perform and/or can perform one or more operations, such as the operations described in this disclosure. The computing system 200 can include various components, such as a processor 202, a data-storage unit 204, a communication interface 206, and/or a user interface 208.

The processor 202 can be or include a general-purpose processor (e.g., a microprocessor) and/or a special-purpose processor (e.g., a digital signal processor). The processor 202 can execute program instructions included in the data-storage unit 204 as described below.

The data-storage unit 204 can be or include one or more volatile, non-volatile, removable, and/or non-removable storage components, such as magnetic, optical, and/or flash storage, and/or can be integrated in whole or in part with the processor 202. Further, the data-storage unit 204 can be or include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon program instructions (e.g., compiled or non-compiled program logic and/or machine code) that, upon execution by the processor 202, cause the computing system 200 and/or another computing system to perform one or more operations, such as the operations described in this disclosure. These program instructions can define, and/or be part of, a discrete software application.

In some instances, the computing system 200 can execute program instructions in response to receiving an input, such as an input received via the communication interface 206 and/or the user interface 208. The data-storage unit 204 can also store other data, such as any of the data described in this disclosure.

The communication interface 206 can allow the computing system 200 to connect with and/or communicate with another entity according to one or more protocols. Therefore, the computing system 200 can transmit data to, and/or receive data from, one or more other entities according to one or more protocols. In one example, the communication interface 206 can be or include a wired interface, such as an Ethernet interface or a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI). In another example, the communication interface 206 can be or include a wireless interface, such as a cellular or WI-FI interface.

The user interface 208 can allow for interaction between the computing system 200 and a user of the computing system 200. As such, the user interface 208 can be or include an input component such as a keyboard, a mouse, a remote controller, a microphone, and/or a touch-sensitive panel. The user interface 208 can also be or include an output component such as a display device (which, for example, can be combined with a touch-sensitive panel) and/or a sound speaker.

The computing system 200 can also include one or more connection mechanisms that connect various components within the computing system 200. For example, the computing system 200 can include the connection mechanisms represented by lines that connect components of the computing system 200, as shown in FIG. 2.

The computing system 200 can include one or more of the above-described components and can be configured or arranged in various ways. For example, the computing system 200 can be configured as a server and/or a client (or perhaps a cluster of servers and/or a cluster of clients) operating in one or more server-client type arrangements, for instance.

As noted above, the content-modification system 100 and/or components thereof can take the form of a computing system, such as the computing system 200. In some cases, some or all these entities can take the form of a more specific type of computing system. For instance, in the case of the content-presentation device 104, it can take the form of a desktop computer, a laptop, a tablet, a mobile phone, a television set, a set-top box, a television set with an integrated set-top box, a media dongle, or a television set with a media dongle connected to it, among other possibilities.

III. Example Operations

The content-modification system 100 and/or components thereof can be configured to perform and/or can perform one or more operations. Examples of these operations and related features will now be described.

As noted above, in practice, the content-modification system 100 is likely to include many instances of at least some of the described components. Likewise, in practice, it is likely that at least some of described operations will be performed many times (perhaps on a routine basis and/or in connection with additional instances of the described components).

A. Operations Related to the Content-Distribution System Transmitting Content and the Content-Presenting Device Receiving and Outputting Content

For context, general operations and examples related to the content-distribution system 102 transmitting content and the content-presentation device 104 receiving and outputting content will now be described.

To begin, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit content (e.g., that it received from a content provider) to one or more entities such as the content-presentation device 104. Content can be or include audio content and/or video content, for example. In some examples, content can take the form of a linear sequence of content segments (e.g., program segments and advertisement segments) or a portion thereof. In the case of video content, a portion of the video content may be one or more frames, for example.

The content-distribution system 102 can transmit content on one or more channels (sometimes referred to as stations or feeds). As such, the content-distribution system 102 can be associated with a single channel content distributor or a multi-channel content distributor such as a multi-channel video program distributor (MVPD).

The content-distribution system 102 and its means of transmission of content on the channel to the content-presentation device 104 can take various forms. By way of example, the content-distribution system 102 can be or include a cable-television head-end that is associated with a cable-television provider and that transmits the content on the channel to the content-presentation device 104 through hybrid fiber/coaxial cable connections. As another example, the content-distribution system 102 can be or include a satellite-television head-end that is associated with a satellite-television provider and that transmits the content on the channel to the content-presentation device 104 through a satellite transmission. As yet another example, the content-distribution system 102 can be or include a television-broadcast station that is associated with a television-broadcast provider and that transmits the content on the channel through a terrestrial over-the-air interface to the content-presentation device 104. In these and other examples, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit the content in the form of an analog or digital broadcast stream representing the content.

The content-presentation device 104 can receive content from one or more entities, such as the content-distribution system 102. In one example, the content-presentation device 104 can select (e.g., by tuning to) a channel from among multiple available channels, perhaps based on input received via a user interface, such that the content-presentation device 104 can receive content on the selected channel.

In some examples, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit content to the content-presentation device 104, which the content-presentation device 104 can receive, and therefore the transmitted content and the received content can be the same. However, in other examples, they can be different, such as where the content-distribution system 102 transmits content to the content-presentation device 104, but the content-presentation device 104 does not receive the content and instead receives different content from a different content-distribution system.

The content-presentation device 104 can also output content for presentation. As noted above, the content-presentation device 104 can take various forms. In one example, in the case where the content-presentation device 104 is a television set (perhaps with an integrated set-top box and/or media dongle), outputting the content for presentation can involve the television set outputting the content via a user interface (e.g., a display device and/or a sound speaker), such that it can be presented to an end-user. As another example, in the case where the content-presentation device 104 is a set-top box or a media dongle, outputting the content for presentation can involve the set-top box or the media dongle outputting the content via a communication interface (e.g., an HDMI interface), such that it can be received by a television set and in turn output by the television set for presentation to an end-user.

As such, in various scenarios, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit content to the content-presentation device 104, which can receive and output the content for presentation to an end-user. In some situations, even though the content-presentation device 104 receives content from the content-distribution system 102, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to perform a content-modification operation so that the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation alternative content instead of at least a portion of that received content.

For example, in the case where the content-presentation device 104 receives a linear sequence of content segments that includes a given advertisement segment positioned somewhere within the sequence, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to replace the given advertisement segment with a different advertisement segment that is perhaps more targeted to the end-user (i.e., more targeted to the end-user's interests, demographics, etc.). As another example, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to overlay on the given advertisement segment, overlay content that enhances the given advertisement segment in a way that is again perhaps more targeted to the end-user. The described content-modification system 100 can facilitate providing these and other related features.

As noted above, in one example, content can take the form of a linear sequence of content segments. As such, in one example, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit a linear sequence of content segments. This is referred to herein as a “transmission sequence.” Likewise, the content-presentation device 104 can receive a linear sequence of content segments. This is referred to herein as a “receipt sequence.” In line with the discussion above, the transmission sequence and the receipt sequence can be the same or they can be different.

FIG. 3 illustrates some examples of these concepts. In one example, the transmission sequence is the TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE 302 shown in FIG. 3. As shown, the TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE 302 includes a PROGRAM SEGMENT A, followed by an AD SEGMENT B, followed by an AD SEGMENT C.

Likewise, in one example, the receipt sequence is the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304 shown in FIG. 3. In this example, the content-distribution system 102 transmits the TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE 302 to the content-presentation device 104, which the content-presentation device 104 receives as the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304, and therefore the TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE 302 and the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304 are the same. As such, as shown, the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304 also includes the PROGRAM SEGMENT A, followed by the AD SEGMENT B, followed by the AD SEGMENT C.

In FIG. 3, the transmission time of the TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE 302 and the receipt time of the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304 are shown by way of their relationship to a TIMELINE 350. Notably, the transmission time and the receipt time are offset from each other due to a content-transmission delay, which is described in greater detail below.

As noted above, in some situations, even though the content-presentation device 104 receives content from the content-distribution system 102, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to perform a content-modification operation so that the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation alternative content instead of at least a portion of that received content. For example, in the case where the content-presentation device 104 receives the receipt sequence, rather than outputting for presentation the receipt sequence, the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation a modified version of the receipt sequence instead. This is referred to herein as a “modified sequence.”

For example, in the case where the receipt sequence includes a given advertisement segment positioned somewhere within the receipt sequence, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to replace the given advertisement segment with a different advertisement segment that is perhaps more targeted to the end-user (i.e., more targeted to the end-user's interests, demographics, etc.), thereby resulting in a modified sequence that the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation.

To illustrate this, in one example, the modified sequence is the FIRST MODIFIED SEQUENCE 306 shown in FIG. 3. As shown, the FIRST MODIFIED SEQUENCE 306 includes the PROGRAM SEGMENT A, followed by the AD SEGMENT D (which replaced the AD SEGMENT B), followed by the AD SEGMENT C.

As another example, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to overlay on the given advertisement segment, overlay content that enhances the given advertisement segment in a way that is again perhaps more targeted to the end-user, thereby resulting in a modified sequence that the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation.

To illustrate this, in another example, the modified sequence is the SECOND MODIFIED SEQUENCE 308 shown in FIG. 3. As shown, the SECOND MODIFIED SEQUENCE 308 includes the PROGRAM SEGMENT A, followed by the AD SEGMENT B′ (which is the AD SEGMENT B modified with overlay content), followed by the AD SEGMENT C.

Other portions of FIG. 3 will be described later in this disclosure as related concepts are introduced and described.

Moving on in view of the context provided above, FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, and 4F, collectively make up a table showing example time-periods and corresponding operations that can be performed in connection with the content-modification system 100. These and other related operations will now be described.

B. Operations Related to the Content-Distribution System Transmitting First Content on a Channel

During a time-period T1, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit content on a channel to the content-presentation device 104. This content is referred to herein as “first content.” In one example, the first content is the FIRST CONTENT 310 shown in FIG. 3.

During a time-period T2, the content-distribution system 102 can generate fingerprint data representing the first content. This fingerprint data is referred to herein as “first fingerprint data.” The content-distribution system 102 can generate the first fingerprint data using any content fingerprinting process now known or later developed. An example fingerprint generation technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,495,451 issued Nov. 15, 2016, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The content-distribution system 102 can generate first fingerprint data at a given rate, such as at the rate of one fingerprint per frame of the first content. The first fingerprint data can be or include some or all of these generated fingerprints.

The content-distribution system 102 can access the first content at various points within the content-distribution system 102. As one example, the content-distribution system 102 can access the first content after it is output by a distribution amplifier within the content-distribution system 102.

Also during the time-period T2, the content-distribution system 102 can generate metadata associated with the first content and/or the first fingerprint data. This metadata is referred to herein as “first metadata.” In one example, the first metadata can be or include a transmission time-stamp, which represents a time-point at which the content-distribution system 102 transmitted the first content. The content-distribution system 102 can determine the transmission time-stamp in various ways, such as based on a time clock that is synchronized to a reference clock.

As another example, the first metadata can be or include a channel identifier, which identifies the channel on which the content-distribution system 102 is transmitting the first content. The content-distribution system 102 can determine the channel identifier in various ways such as based on mapping data that maps the content-distribution system 102 and/or physical inputs and/or outputs within the content-distribution system 102 to respective channel identifiers. In one example, in the case where the content-distribution system 102 transmits content A on channel A, content B on channel B, and content C on channel C, the mapping data can specify which of three different outputs (perhaps on three different distribution amplifiers) maps to which channel identifier, such that the content-distribution system 102 can determine the appropriate channel identifier for content of a given channel.

As another example, the first metadata can be or include SCTE-104 data, a watermark, or a similar type of metadata, any of which can themselves encode other metadata, such as a program identifier, an advertisement identifier (e.g., an industry standard coding identification (ISCI) key), a program genre, or another type of textual or numeric metadata, for instance.

The content-distribution system 102 can associate the first fingerprint data with the first metadata in various ways. For instance, in the case where the first fingerprint data includes multiple fingerprints with each fingerprint representing a corresponding frame of the first content, the content-distribution system 102 can associate each fingerprint with a corresponding transmission time-stamp and/or with other corresponding first metadata.

During a time-period T3, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit the first fingerprint data and the first metadata to the fingerprint-matching server 106. The content-distribution system 102 can transmit the first fingerprint data and the first metadata at a given interval. For example, every two seconds, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit the first fingerprint data and the first metadata that it generated during that most recent two-second time-period.

C. Operations Related to the Content-Presentation Device Receiving Second Content

During a time-period T4, the content-presentation device 104 can receive content from the content-distribution system 102. This content is referred to herein as “second content.” In one example, the second content is the SECOND CONTENT 312 shown in FIG. 3.

During a time-period T5, the content-presentation device 104 can generate fingerprint data representing the second content. This fingerprint data is referred to herein as “second fingerprint data.” The content-presentation device 104 can generate the second fingerprint data using any content fingerprinting process now known or later developed. The content-presentation device 104 can generate the second fingerprint data at various rates, such as at the rate of one fingerprint per frame of the second content. The second fingerprint data can be or include some or all of these generated fingerprints.

The content-presentation device 104 can access the second content at various points within the content-presentation device 104. As one example, the content-presentation device 104 can access the second content as it is being received by an input buffer (e.g., an HDMI buffer) of the content-presentation device 104. In another configuration, the content-presentation device 104 can access the second content as it is being received by a display buffer of the content-presentation device 104. In this configuration, the second content can therefore be content that the content-presentation device 104 not only receives, but also outputs for presentation.

Also during the time-period T5, the content-presentation device 104 can generate metadata associated with the second content and/or the second fingerprint data. This metadata is referred to herein as “second metadata.” As one example, the second metadata can be or include a receipt time-stamp, which represents a time-point at which the content-presentation device 104 received the second content. The content-presentation device 104 can determine the receipt time-stamp in various ways, such as based on a time clock that is synchronized to a reference clock. As noted above, the content-presentation device 104 can access the second content at various points within the content-presentation device 104. In one example, the point at which the second content is accessed can be considered the “receipt” point for purposes of determining the receipt time-stamp.

In practice, while the first metadata is likely to be or include a channel identifier, the second metadata is likely to not be nor include a channel identifier.

The content-presentation device 104 can associate the second fingerprint data with the second metadata in various ways. For instance, where the second fingerprint data includes multiple fingerprints with each fingerprint representing a corresponding frame of second content, the content-presentation device 104 can associate each second fingerprint with a corresponding receipt time-stamp and/or other corresponding metadata.

During a time-period T6, the content-presentation device 104 can transmit the second fingerprint data and the second metadata to the fingerprint-matching server 106. The content-presentation device 104 can transmit the second fingerprint data and the second metadata at a given interval. For example, every two seconds, the content-presentation device 104 can transmit the second fingerprint data and the second metadata that it generated during that most recent two-second time-period.

D. Operations Related to Identifying a Channel on which the Content-Presentation Device is Receiving the Second Content

During a time-period T7, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can receive the first fingerprint data and the first metadata from the content-distribution system 102. As noted above, the first fingerprint data represents the first content transmitted by the content-distribution system 102 on the channel. As noted above, the first metadata can, and for the purposes of this described example does, identify the channel. In this way, the first content can be considered as content being transmitted on an identified channel.

During a time-period T8, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can receive the second fingerprint data and the second metadata from the content-presentation device 104. As noted above, the second fingerprint data represents the second content received by the content-presentation device 104. However, as noted above, the associated metadata may not, and for the purposes of this described example does not, identify the channel. In this way, the second content can be considered as content being received on an unidentified channel.

During a time-period T9, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can compare the first fingerprint data and the second fingerprint data to determine whether there is a match. In this disclosure, this type of match attempt, namely a match attempt between (i) reference fingerprint data representing content being transmitted on an identified channel and (ii) query fingerprint data representing content being received on an unidentified channel, is referred to herein as a “cold match attempt.”

During a time-period T10, based on the comparing, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can detect a match between the first fingerprint data and the second fingerprint data. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can compare and/or detect a match between fingerprint data using any content fingerprint comparing and matching technique now known or later developed. An example fingerprint comparing and matching technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,146,990 issued Sep. 29, 2015, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

To effectively compare the first fingerprint data and the second fingerprint data, the fingerprint-matching server 106 may need to account for a content-transmission delay. For context, in the case where the content-distribution system 102 transmits a given frame of content on a given channel at a time-point A, for various reasons, the content-presentation device 104 may not receive that frame until a time-point B that is later (e.g., ten seconds later) than the time-point A. This type of delay is referred to herein as a “content-transmission delay.”

In one example, the time-point A, the time-point B, and the content-transmission delay can be the TIME-POINT A 314, the TIME-POINT B 316, and the CONTENT-TRANSMISSION DELAY 318, respectively, shown FIG. 3. Note that FIG. 3 is for illustration purposes and is not necessarily to scale at least with respect to time. In practice, the actual amount of content-transmission delay may be different from the amount shown.

To help the fingerprint-matching server 106 effectively compare the first fingerprint data with the second fingerprint data, the fingerprint-matching server 106 may need to account for such a content-transmission delay. In one example, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can do this by comparing the first fingerprint data that it receives at a receipt time-point with the second fingerprint data that it receives during a time-period defined by a starting time-point and an ending time-point. The starting time-point can be the receipt time-point plus an offset representing an anticipated content-transmission delay (e.g., ten seconds), minus a tolerance a time-period (e.g., two seconds). The ending time-point can be the receipt time-point plus the offset (e.g., ten seconds), plus the tolerance a time-period (e.g., two seconds). As such, in one example where the anticipated content-transmission delay is 10 seconds, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can compare first fingerprint data that it receives at a receipt time-point with second fingerprint data that it receives during a time-period between (i) the receipt time-point plus eight seconds and (ii) receipt time-point plus twelve seconds.

In some cases, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine a content-transmission delay, which it can use to select an appropriate offset for use in determining the starting and ending time-points, as described above. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine the content-transmission delay in various ways. For example, after the fingerprint-matching server 106 detects a match based on a cold match attempt, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine the content-transmission delay as a difference between the corresponding transmission time-stamp (of the first metadata) and the corresponding receipt time-stamp (of the second metadata), for example. Notably, the content-transmission delay can vary from channel to channel.

During a time-period T11, based on the detected match, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can identify the channel on which the second content is being received by the content-presentation device 104. In one example, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can identify the channel based on the channel identifier metadata associated with the first fingerprint data used to detect the match.

Notably, in practice, since there are likely to be multiple potential channels on which the content-presentation device 104 is receiving the second content, the fingerprint-matching server 106 is likely to compare the second fingerprint data with multiple instances of first fingerprint data (each representing a different respective instance of first content on a different respective channel), to determine which of those multiple instances matches the second fingerprint data.

Also, in some cases, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can detect a match between the second fingerprint data and each of multiple instances of first fingerprint data (each representing a different respective instance of first content on a different respective channel). This is referred to herein as a “multimatch scenario” and can occur for various reasons. For example, this can occur when the content-distribution system 102 is transmitting the same or similar content on more than one channel at or about the same time. In this scenario, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can perform additional operations to identity, from among the multiple channels associated with the multimatch scenario, on which specific channel the content-presentation device 104 is receiving the second content. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can do this using any channel multimatch disambiguation technique now known or later developed. An example channel multimatch disambiguation technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,992,533 issued Jun. 5, 2018, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Other channel multimatch disambiguation technique can involve comparing watermarks, the presence of channel logos, the location of the content-presentation device 104, previously watched channels, etc.

E. Operations Related to Determining Historical Content Consumption Data

During a time-period T12, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can generate metadata associated with the identified channel. For example, the metadata can be or include a channel identification time-stamp. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine the channel identification time-stamp in various ways, such as based on a time clock that is synchronized to a reference clock. In another example, the metadata can be or include a device identifier that identifies the content-presentation device 104 that is receiving content on the identified channel. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine the device identifier in various ways, such as by receiving it from the content-presentation device 104. In another example, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can receive data (e.g., device registration data) from the content-presentation device 104 and can use mapping data to map the received data to determine the device identifier.

During a time-period T13, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can transmit an indication of the identified channel and the associated metadata to the data-management system 110.

During a time-period T14, the data-management system 110 can receive the indication of the identified channel and the associated metadata from the fingerprint-matching server 106.

The data-management system 110 can use the received indication of the identified channel and the associated metadata, perhaps with other data, to determine when the content-presentation device 104 has received content on the identified channel, what specific content the content-presentation device 104 has received, etc. This type of data is referred to herein as “historical content consumption data.”

As such, during a time-period T15, the data-management system 110 can determine historical content consumption data associated with the content-presentation device 104.

F. Operations Related to the Content-Distribution System Transmitting Third Content

As noted above, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can identify the channel on which the content-presentation device 104 is receiving the second content.

During a time-period T16, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit content on the identified channel to the content-presentation device 104. This content is referred to herein as “third content.” In one example, the third content is the THIRD CONTENT 320 shown in FIG. 3. In practice, the content-distribution system 102 is likely to transmit the third content shortly after (e.g., immediately after or a few seconds or minutes after) transmitting the first content.

During a time-period T17, the content-distribution system 102 can generate fingerprint data representing the third content. This fingerprint data is referred to herein as “third fingerprint data.”

Also during the time-period T17, the content-distribution system 102 can generate metadata associated with the third content and/or the third fingerprint data. This metadata is referred to herein as “third metadata.” The content-distribution system 102 can also associate the third fingerprint data with the third metadata.

During a time-period T18, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit the third fingerprint data and the third metadata to the fingerprint-matching server 106.

The content-distribution system 102 can transmit the third content, generate the third fingerprint data, generate the third metadata, associate the third fingerprint data with the third metadata, and transmit the third fingerprint data and the third metadata in various ways, such as ways that are the same as or similar to those described above in connection with transmitting the first content, generating the first fingerprint data, generating the first metadata, associating the first fingerprint data with the first metadata, and transmitting the first fingerprint data and the first metadata.

G. Operations Related to the Content-Management System Receiving a Modifiable Content-Segment

During a time-period T19, the content-management system 108 can receive content in the form of a content segment that has been identified as a candidate to be modified. This content is referred to herein as a “modifiable content-segment” or “fourth content.” In one example, the modifiable content-segment is the MODIFIABLE CONTENT-SEGMENT shown in FIG. 3.

The modifiable content-segment can take various forms. For example, the modifiable content-segment can be an advertisement segment (e.g., a commercial) or a program segment. As such, in one example, the modifiable content-segment can be an advertisement segment that has been identified as a candidate to be modified, perhaps by way of being replaced with a different advertisement segment, and/or by way of having content overlaid thereon.

In one example, a user, perhaps associated with the content-distribution system 102, can facilitate uploading the modifiable content-segment to the content-management system 108, such that the content-management system 108 can receive it in this way.

During a time-period T20, the content-management system 108 can generate fingerprint data representing the modifiable content-segment. This fingerprint data is referred to herein as “fourth fingerprint data.” The content-management system 108 can generate the fourth fingerprint data using any fingerprint generation technique now known or later developed. The content-management system 108 can generate the fourth fingerprint data at a given rate, such as at the rate of one fingerprint per frame of the fourth content. The fourth fingerprint data can be or include some or all of these generated fingerprints.

Also during the time-period T20, the content-management system 108 can generate metadata associated with the modifiable content-segment and/or the fourth fingerprint data. This metadata is referred to herein as “fourth metadata.” As one example, the fourth metadata can be or include a duration of the modifiable content-segment. The content-management system 108 can determine the duration in various ways, such as based on the fingerprint generation process. For example, in the case where the content-management system 108 generating the fourth fingerprint data involves generating one fingerprint per frame, where the modifiable content-segment has a frame rate of 30 frames per second, and where the fingerprinting process results in 300 fingerprints being generated, the content-management system 108 can deduce that the modifiable content-segment has a duration of ten seconds. The metadata can also be or include other information about the modifiable content-segment, such as a content segment identifier, a title, and/or specifics about permissible ways in which the modifiable content-segment can be modified, etc.

During a time-period T21, the content-management system 108 can transmit the fourth fingerprint data and the fourth metadata to the fingerprint-matching server 106.

In practice, the content-management system 108 is likely to receive many modifiable content-segments. In such situations, the content-management system 108 can perform one or more of the operations described above, as appropriate for each of the many received modifiable content-segments. As such, the content-management system 108 can transmit many instances of fourth fingerprint data, each corresponding with a different respective modifiable content-segment, to the fingerprint-matching server 106.

H. Operations Related to the Fingerprint-Matching Server Identifying an Upcoming Content-Modification Opportunity on the Identified Channel

During a time-period T22, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can receive the third fingerprint data and the third metadata from the content-distribution system 102. As noted above, the third fingerprint data represents the third content transmitted by the content-distribution system 102 on the identified channel.

During a time-period T23, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can receive the fourth fingerprint data and the fourth metadata from the content-management system 108. As noted above, the fourth fingerprint data represents the modifiable content-segment.

During a time-period T24, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can compare at least a portion of the third fingerprint data with at least a portion of the fourth fingerprint data to determine whether there is a match.

During a time-period T25, based on the comparing, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can detect a match between the at least a portion of the third fingerprint data and the at least a portion of the fourth fingerprint data. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can compare and/or detect a match between fingerprint data using any content fingerprint comparing and matching process now known or later developed.

During a time-period T26, based on the detected match, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine that at least a portion of the modifiable content-segment is included within the third content, and therefore can identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the identified channel. For example, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine that at least a beginning portion of the MODIFIABLE CONTENT-SEGMENT is included within the THIRD CONTENT 320, as shown in FIG. 3, and therefore can identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity.

As noted above, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can receive third metadata, which can be the same as or similar to the first metadata. As such, the third metadata can be or include a transmission time-stamp and/or a channel identifier, for example. However, the third metadata can also be or include a position of at least a portion of the modifiable content-segment within the third content. In one example, the metadata can specify this using a starting frame marker and an ending frame marker, each corresponding with a respective frame of the third content. The fingerprint-matching server 106 can determine the starting frame marker and the ending frame marker based on the matching.

Notably, in practice, since there are likely to be multiple potential modifiable content-segments where portions thereof could be included within the third content, the fingerprint-matching server 106 is likely to compare at least a portion of the third fingerprint data with at least a portion of multiple instances of fourth fingerprint data (each representing a different respective instance of a modifiable content-segment), to determine which of those multiple instances of the fourth fingerprint data has a portion that matches the at least a portion of the third fingerprint data.

I. Operations Related to Preparing the Content-Presentation Device to Perform a Content-Modification Operation in Connection with the Identified Upcoming Content-Modification Opportunity

During a time-period T27, based on the detected match, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can transmit the third fingerprint data and the third metadata to the content-presentation device 104 data to facilitate preparing the content-presentation device 104 to perform a content-modification operation in connection with the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity.

During a time-period T28, the content-presentation device 104 can receive the third fingerprint data and the third metadata from the fingerprint-matching server 106.

During a time-period T29, the content-presentation device 104 can receive content on the identified channel. This content is referred to herein as “fifth content.” In one example, the fifth content is the FIFTH CONTENT 324 shown in FIG. 3.

For various reasons (e.g., due to a transmission delay associated with transmitting fingerprint data and metadata being shorter that the content-transmission delay), the content-presentation device 104 can receive the third fingerprint data and the third metadata from the fingerprint-matching server 106 before receiving the fifth content from the content-distribution system 102. In this way, the content-presentation device 104 can receive fingerprint data representing content that the content-presentation device 104 is expecting to receive shortly thereafter, and that the content-presentation device should actually receive shortly thereafter unless an interruption event (e.g., a channel-change event) occurs.

In practice, similar to how the content-distribution system 102 is likely to transmit the third content shortly after (e.g., immediately after or a few seconds or minutes after) transmitting the first content, the content-presentation device 104 is likely to receive the fifth content shortly after (e.g., immediately after or a few seconds or minutes after) receiving the second content.

During a time-period T30, the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation at least a portion of the fifth content. For example, referring to FIG. 3, the content-presentation device can output for presentation the portion of the FIFTH CONTENT 324 that is the end portion of the PROGRAM SEGMENT A.

As noted above, in some situations, even though the content-presentation device 104 receives content from the content-distribution system 102, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to perform a content-modification operation so that the content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation alternative content instead of at least a portion of the received content.

As such, even though the content-presentation device 104 receives the fifth content and outputs for presentation at least a portion of the fifth content, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to perform a content-modification operation so that the content-presentation device 104 can also output for presentation alternative content instead of at least another portion (e.g., the remaining portion) of the fifth content. For example, referring to FIG. 3, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to replace at least a portion of the AD SEGMENT B with at least a portion of a different advertisement segment that is perhaps more targeted to the end-user. As another example, it can be desirable for the content-presentation device 104 to overlay on at least a portion of the AD SEGMENT B, overlay content that enhances at least a portion of the AD SEGMENT B in a way that is again perhaps more targeted to the end-user.

During a time-period T31, the content-presentation device 104 can generate fingerprint data representing the fifth content. This fingerprint data is referred to herein as “fifth fingerprint data.” The content-presentation device 104 can generate the fifth fingerprint data using any content fingerprinting process now known or later developed. The content-presentation device 104 can generate the fifth fingerprint data at various rates, such as at the rate of one fingerprint per frame of the fifth content. The fifth fingerprint data can be or include some or all of these generated fingerprints.

Also during the time-period T31, the content-presentation device 104 can generate metadata associated with the fifth content and/or the fifth fingerprint data. This metadata is referred to herein as “fifth metadata.”

The content-presentation device 104 can receive the fifth content, generate the fifth fingerprint data, generate the fifth metadata, associate the fifth fingerprint data with the fifth metadata in various ways, such as ways that are the same as or similar to those described above in connection with receiving the second content, generating the second fingerprint data, generating the second metadata, and associating the second fingerprint data with the second metadata.

As noted above, the content-presentation device 104 can receive the third fingerprint data from the fingerprint-matching server 106 and can generate the fifth fingerprint data.

During a time-period T32, the content-presentation device 104 can compare the third fingerprint data and the fifth fingerprint data to determine whether there is a match.

During a time-period T33, based on the comparing, the content-presentation device 104 can detect a match between the third fingerprint data and the fifth fingerprint data. In this disclosure, this type of match attempt, namely a match attempt between (i) reference fingerprint data representing content transmitted by the content-distribution system 102 on an identified channel (at least based on the most recent channel identification analysis), and (ii) query fingerprint data representing content being received by the content-presentation device 104 on the same identified channel, is referred to herein as a “hot match attempt.” The content-presentation device 104 can compare and/or detect a match between fingerprint data using any content fingerprint comparing and matching process now known or later developed.

During a time-period T34, based on the detected match, the content-presentation device 104 can determine a time-point at which the identified upcoming modification opportunity starts. This is referred to herein as the “modification start-time.” In one example, the modification start-time is the MODIFICATION START-TIME 326 as shown FIG. 3.

In one example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine the modification start-time by starting with the transmission time-stamp associated with the starting frame marker (which, as described above, can be or be included in the third metadata) and adding the content-transmission delay to that transmission time-stamp, to arrive at the modification start-time.

As another example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine the modification start-time by first establishing a synchronous lock between the third content, the third fingerprint data, and/or the third metadata on the one hand, and the fifth content, the fifth fingerprint data, and/or the fifth metadata, on the other hand. The content-presentation device 104 can establish the synchronous lock using any synchronous lock technique now known or later developed. An example synchronous lock technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,506,275 issued Dec. 10, 2019, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Another example synchronous lock technique is described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2020/0029108 published Jan. 23, 2020, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

The content-presentation device 104 can then determine the modification start-time by determining a time-period between (i) a current receipt time-stamp associated with a first portion of the fifth content that the content-presentation device 104 is currently receiving and (ii) based on the synchronous lock, an anticipated receipt time-stamp associated with a second portion of the fifth content that is the start of the modifiable content-segment, and then adding the determined time-period to the current receipt time-stamp, to arrive at the modification start-time.

Also during the time-period T34, based on the detected match, the content-presentation device 104 can determine a time-point at which the identified upcoming modification opportunity ends. This is referred to herein as the “modification end-time.” In one example, the modification end-time is the MODIFICATION END-TIME 328 as shown FIG. 3.

In one example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine the modification end-time by starting with the modification start-time and adding the duration of the modifiable content-segment (which, as described above, can be or be included in the fourth metadata) to the modification start-time, to arrive at the modification end-time.

Notably, if the content-presentation device 104 performs a hot match attempt and does not detect a match, the content-presentation device 104 can determine that the content-presentation device 104 is no longer receiving content on the most recently identified channel. In response, the content-presentation device 104 can repeat one or more of the operations described above so that the fingerprint-matching server 106 can perform another cold match attempt, to attempt to identify the channel again.

During a time-period T35, the content-presentation device 104 can transmit a request for content for use in connection with performing the content-modification operation, to the content-management system 108. This content is referred to herein as “supplemental content.” In one example, the content-presentation device 104 can transmit the request before the modification start-time (e.g., ten seconds before). In some cases, the request can include selection criteria for the supplemental content, which the content-presentation device 104 can determine based on the third metadata that the content-presentation device 104 receives from the fingerprint-matching server 106, for instance.

For example, the selection criteria can specify a requested type of content (e.g., a replacement content segment or overlay content), duration (e.g., 15 seconds, 30 seconds, or 60 seconds), aspect ratio (e.g., 4:3 or 16:9), and/or resolution (e.g., 720p or 1080p).

During a time-period T36, the content-management system 108 can receive the request and use it as a basis to select supplemental content from among multiple supplemental content items that are available for selection. In some cases, the content-management system 108 can receive and consider various data to help inform which supplemental content to select. For example, the content-management system 108 can receive historical content consumption data for the content-presentation device 104 from the data-management system 110 and/or the content-management system 108 can receive demographic data from a demographic data provider. The content-management system 108 can then use at least the received historical content consumption data and/or the received demographic data as a basis to select the supplemental content.

The content-management system 108 can cause the selected supplemental content to be transmitted to the content-presentation device 104. In one example, the content-management system 108 can do this by communicating with a supplemental-content delivery system 112 that can host the supplemental content. The supplemental-content delivery system 112 can take various forms and can include various components, such as a content distribution network (CDN).

During a time-period T37, the content-management system 108 can transmit a request for a link (e.g., a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)) pointing to the hosted supplemental content, to the supplemental-content delivery system 112.

During a time-period T38, the supplemental-content delivery system 112 can receive and respond to the request for the link by transmitting the requested link to the content-management system 108.

During a time-period T39, the content-management system 108 can then in turn transmit the link to the content-presentation device 104.

During a time-period T40, the content-presentation device 104 can receive the link, which it can use to retrieve the supplemental content from the supplemental-content delivery system 112, such that the content-presentation device 104 can use the retrieved supplemental content in connection with performing the content-modification operation. In one example, the content-presentation device 104 can retrieve the supplemental content and store the supplemental content in a data-storage unit of the content-presentation device 104.

As such, in some examples, the content-presentation device 104 can receive the modifiable content-segment from one source (e.g., the content-distribution system 102), and the supplemental content from another source (e.g., the supplemental-content delivery system 112). These segments can be transmitted to, and received by, the content-presentation device 104 in different ways. For example, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit, and the content-presentation device 104 can receive, the modifiable content-segment as a broadcast stream transmission, whereas the supplemental-content delivery system 112 can transmit, and the content-presentation device 104 can receive, the supplemental content as an over-the-top (OTT) transmission. In this context, in one example, the content-distribution system 102 can receive the modifiable content-segment via one communication interface (e.g., an HDMI interface), and the content-presentation device 104 can receive the supplemental content via a different communication interface (e.g., an Ethernet or WI-FI interface).

J. Operations Related to the Content-Presentation Device Performing a Content-Modification Operation

At a time-period T41, the content-presentation device 104 can perform the content-modification operation. The content-presentation device 104 can do this in various ways, perhaps depending on the type of content-modification operation to be performed.

In one example, the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation can involve the content-presentation device 104 modifying the modifiable content-segment by replacing it with supplemental content. This is referred to herein as a “content-replacement operation.” For example, in this scenario, the content-presentation device 104 can receive a linear sequence of content segments that includes the modifiable content-segment and the associated metadata, and can also receive the supplemental content segment, as described above. The content-presentation device 104 can output for presentation the sequence of content segments up until the modification start-time (which corresponds to the start of the modifiable content-segment), at which time the content-presentation device 104 can switch to outputting for presentation the supplemental content instead. Then, at the modification end-time (which corresponds to the end of the modifiable content-segment), the content-presentation device 104 can switch back to outputting for presentation the content that follows in the linear sequence of content segments (or perhaps to other content, such as additional supplemental content that is replacing another modifiable content-segment).

In one example, the operation of the content-presentation device 104 switching from outputting the sequence of content segments to outputting the supplemental content can involve using various buffers of the content-presentation device 104. For example, this can involve the content-presentation device 104 switching from using first data in a first input buffer where the sequence of content segments is being received to using second data in a second input buffer where the supplemental content is being received, to populate a display buffer.

As such, according to one example as illustrated in FIG. 3, by performing a content replacement operation, the content-presentation device 104 can replace the AD SEGMENT B with the AD SEGMENT D. As a result, rather than outputting for presentation the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304, the content-presentation device can instead output for presentation the FIRST MODIFIED SEQUENCE 306.

In another example, the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation can involve the content-presentation device 104 modifying a modifiable content-segment by overlaying on the modifiable content-segment, overlay content (referred to herein as a “content overlay operation”). For example, in this scenario, the content-presentation device 104 can again receive a linear sequence of content segments that includes the modifiable content-segment and the associated metadata, and the content-presentation device 104 can also receive the supplemental content, as described above.

The content-presentation device 104 can then output for presentation the modifiable content-segment as it ordinarily would, except that starting at the modification start-time, the content-presentation device 104 can start overlaying the supplemental content on the modifiable content-segment. The content-presentation device 104 can continue overlaying the supplemental content until the modification end-time. In this way, the content-presentation device 104 can overlay the supplemental content during at least some temporal portion of the modifiable content-segment.

In one example, the operation of the content-presentation device 104 overlaying supplemental content on the modifiable content-segment can involve using various buffers of the content-presentation device 104. For example, this can involve the content-presentation device 104 using a portion of first data in a first input buffer where the sequence of content segments is being received together with second data in a second input buffer where the supplemental content is being received, for the purposes of populating a display buffer. In this way, the content-presentation device can combine relevant portions of the modifiable content-segment (i.e., all portions except those representing region where the supplemental content is to be overlaid) together with the supplemental content to be used as an overlay, to create the desired modifiable content-segment plus the supplemental content overlaid thereon.

As such, according to one example as illustrated in FIG. 3, by performing a content overlay operation, the content-presentation device 104 can overlay supplemental content on the AD SEGMENT B, thereby modifying it to AD SEGMENT B′. As a result, rather than outputting for presentation the RECEIPT SEQUENCE 304, the content-presentation device can instead output for presentation the SECOND MODIFIED SEQUENCE 308.

K. Tracking and Reporting Operation-Related Data

To help facilitate performance of various operations such as the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation and to help allow for the tracking and reporting of such operations, the content-modification system 100 and/or components thereof can track and report various operation-related data at various times and in various ways.

As just a few illustrative examples, responsive to certain operations being performed, such as those described herein, the fingerprint-matching server 106, the content-presentation device 104, and/or another entity can generate, store, and/or transmit messages that indicate (i) that a modifiable content-segment has been identified, (ii) that a channel has been identified/confirmed (perhaps based on a match detected as a result of a cold or hot match attempt), (iii) that an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the identified channel has been identified, (iv) that supplemental content has been requested, (v) that supplemental content has been received, (vi), that a content-modification operation has started, (vii) that a content-modification operation has ended, and/or (viii) that a scheduled content-modification operation was aborted and/or not performed for any given reason. In some cases, these messages can include other metadata related to these operations. For example, the metadata can specify relevant timing information, device identifiers, channel identifiers, content segment identifiers, etc.

L. Watermark-Based Techniques

Although this disclosure has described the content-modification system 100 using fingerprint-based technology to perform various operations and to provide various features, in some examples, the content-modification system 100 can use watermark-based techniques instead of, or in addition to, fingerprint-based techniques, to perform these and other operations and to provide these and other features.

For example, as an alternative to the fingerprint-based technique described above in which the fingerprint-matching server 106 identifies the channel on which the second content is being received by the content-presentation device 104, the content-distribution system 102 or another entity can insert a channel identifier in the form of a watermark into the second content, such that the fingerprint-matching server 106, the content-presentation device 104, or another entity can extract the channel identifier and use it to identify the channel on which the second content is being received by the content-presentation device 104.

In this context, the content-modification system 100 can employ any watermark technique now known or later developed.

M. Operations Related to the Coordination System Using Broadcast-Schedule Data to Facilitate the Content-Presentation Device Performing a Content-Modification Operation.

In another aspect of the disclosure, the coordination system 114 can use broadcast-schedule data to facilitate the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation. These acts and related features will now be described.

As noted above, in one example, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the identified channel, which it can do by comparing and detecting a match between two different instances of fingerprint data. Based on the detected match, the fingerprint-matching server 106 can then transmit fingerprint data and metadata to the content-presentation device 104 data to facilitate preparing the content-presentation device 104 to perform a content-modification operation in connection with the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity. However, in other cases, it may be desirable to use one or more alternative techniques to facilitate performing a content-modification operation.

For example, the coordination system 114 can use broadcast-schedule data to facilitate the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation. Among other things, this can allow the content-presentation device 104 to facilitate performing a content-modification operation without using fingerprint data or by using fingerprint data in a more limited fashion. This can be beneficial in the case where the content-presentation device 104 does not receive or otherwise have access to fingerprint data, or where the use of fingerprint data is undesirable for one or more reasons (e.g., because fingerprint-based techniques may be computationally expensive).

For context, broadcast schedules and related concepts will now be described. As noted above, in some situations, the content-distribution system 102 can be or include a television-broadcast station that is associated with a television-broadcast provider and that transmits the content on the channel through a terrestrial over-the-air interface to the content-presentation device 104. In these and other examples, the content-distribution system 102 can include various components to help facilitate scheduling the broadcast of content and related operations.

For example, the content-distribution system 102 can include a scheduling system, which can take various forms. An example scheduling system is WO Traffic provided by WideOrbit, Inc. of San Francisco, Calif. Another example scheduling system is OSi-Traffic provided by Harris Corporation of Melbourne, Fla.

The scheduling system can perform various acts and/or functions related to scheduling and/or managing operation of the content-distribution system 102 or components thereof. For example, the scheduling system can create and/or modify a broadcast schedule, perhaps based on input received from a user via a user interface. A broadcast schedule serves as a schedule or outline of a broadcast of content by a content-distribution system during a given time period. A broadcast schedule is sometimes referred to in the industry as a “traffic log.”

The content-distribution system 102 can also include a sequencing system that can process records in the broadcast schedule. Based on the processed records, the sequencing system can control one or more components (e.g., content servers, routers, switches, digital-video effect (DVE) systems etc.) of the content-distribution system 102 to facilitate the content-distribution system 102 performing various acts. This, in turn, can facilitate the content-distribution system 102 generating and/or outputting content, which can serve as or be part of the broadcast content. A sequencing system is sometimes referred to in the industry as a broadcast automation system.

Typically, a broadcast schedule spans a twenty-four hour period, but does not align with a calendar day. Rather a broadcast schedule typically spans from 5:00 am ET of one day to 5:00 am ET of the next day. According to this convention, for example, a “Mar. 6, 2012 traffic log” spans from 5:00 am ET on Mar. 6, 2012 to 5:00 am ET on Mar. 7, 2012.

A broadcast schedule can include multiple records, each corresponding to a respective event. One common type of event is the broadcast of a content segment. As noted above, a content segment can take various forms. One example content segment is a program segment, such as a television-show segment or a movie segment. Another example content segment is an advertisement segment, such as a commercial.

As noted above, a record of a broadcast schedule can correspond to an event. Each record can also include various data related to the event. For example, the record can include a description, a start time, a start-time type, a duration, a content-source identifier, and/or a content-segment identifier.

The description describes the event. For example, in the case where the event includes broadcasting a content segment, the description can indicate a title of the content segment. In the case where the content segment is a program segment, the description can further indicate a segment number.

The start time indicates a scheduled start time of the event. For example, in the case where the event includes broadcasting a content segment, the start time can indicate a time at which the content-distribution system 102 is scheduled to start broadcasting the content segment. In some instances, the start time of an event can also represent an end time of a preceding event.

The start-time type indicates how and/or when sequencing system determines the start time for the event. The start-time type can be absolute, calculated, or manual. An absolute start-time type indicates that the start time is a fixed time that is not dependent on the occurrence of trigger event. This is sometimes referred to in the industry as a “hard” start time. A manual start-time type indicates that the start time is when a particular trigger event occurs. A calculated start-time type indicates that the start time is when the preceding event ends. Where a record indicates a calculated start-time type, the sequencing system can determine the start time for the corresponding event only after the sequencing system determines the start time and the duration of the preceding event.

As noted above, a manual start-time type indicates that the start time is when a trigger event occurs. In one example, the trigger event can be the sequencing system receiving particular input from a user via a user interface. In one example, this can allow a technical director to manually cause the content-distribution system 102 to transition from broadcasting a news program segment to broadcasting an advertisement segment. This type of transition is sometimes referred to in the industry as a “commercial roll.”

In another example, the trigger event can be the sequencing system making a determination that a particular signal is embedded in a content segment being broadcast. In one example, the particular signal can be a commercial roll signal, such as an audio tone according to the Audio Cue Tone standard set forth in ANSI/SCTE 35 2013. In one example, this can allow a provider of a program segment to automatically cause the content-distribution system 102 to transition from broadcasting the program segment to broadcasting an advertisement segment.

The duration indicates a scheduled duration of the event. For example, in the case where the event includes broadcasting a content segment that is seven minutes long, the duration can indicate seven minutes.

The content-source identifier identifies a content source related to the event. For example, in the case where the event includes broadcasting a content segment that is expected to be received and output by a satellite receiver, the content-source identifier can be an identifier that maps to the receiver. As another example, in the case where the event includes broadcasting a content segment expected to be played out by a content server, the content-source identifier can be an identifier that maps to the server. As yet another example, in the case where the event includes broadcasting a content segment that is expected to be generated and output by a news production system (NPS), the content-source identifier can be an identifier that maps to the NPS.

The content-segment identifier identifies a content segment related to the event. For example, in the case where the content segment item is a commercial, the content-segment identifier can be an Industry Standard Coding Identification (ISCI) key. In another example, the content-segment identifier can be an identifier that maps to a location where a file representing the content segment is stored. A content-segment identifier is sometimes referred to in the industry as a “house identifier.”

FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of an example broadcast schedule 500. The broadcast schedule 500 includes multiple records represented as multiple ordered rows, where each record corresponds to a respective event. For each event, the respective record includes various data related to the event. In particular, each record includes at least one of a description, a start time, a start-time type, a duration, a content-source identifier, and a content-segment identifier.

Some example records of the broadcast schedule 500 and corresponding operations of the content-distribution system 102 will now be discussed. Record 1 corresponds to an event of the content-distribution system 102 receiving a program segment from a satellite receiver and broadcasting the program segment. Record 1 includes a description of Program A, Segment 1, a start time of 05:00:00:00 (in hours::minutes::seconds::frames format), a start-time type of Absolute, a duration of 00:07:00:00, and a content-source identifier of ID-Receiver-A. Based on this record, the sequencing system can cause the content-distribution system 102 to broadcast Program A, Segment 1 by causing various components of the content-distribution system 102 to perform various acts. For example, the sequencing system can cause one or more components of a networking system to, at time 05:00:00:00, change their input-to-output mappings such that a particular content source, namely a satellite receiver identified by the identifier ID-Receiver-A, can start transmitting Program A, Segment 1, via the networking system, to a distribution component.

Record 2 corresponds to an event of the content-distribution system 102 using a content server to playout a commercial and broadcasting the commercial. Record 2 includes a description of Commercial A, a start time of 05:07:00:00, a start-time type of Absolute, a duration of 00:00:30:00, and a content-source identifier of ID-Server-A. Based on this record, the sequencing system can cause the content-distribution system 102 to broadcast Commercial A, by causing various components of the content-distribution system 102 to perform various acts. For example, the sequencing system can cause a particular content source, namely a content server identified by the identifier ID-Server-A, to, sometime before 05:07:00:00, load Commercial A (as identified by the identifier ID-Com-A). Further, the sequencing system can cause the content server to, at time 05:07:00:00, playout Commercial A. Further, the sequencing system can cause one or more components of the networking system to, at time 05:07:00:00, change their input-to-output mappings such that the content server can start transmitting Commercial A, via the networking system, to the distribution component.

Record 25 corresponds to an event of the content-distribution system 102 using a content server to playout a program segment, and broadcasting the program segment. Record 25 includes a description of Program B, Segment 1, a start time of 06:00:00:00, a start-time type of Absolute, a duration of 00:07:00:00, a content-source identifier of ID-Server-A, and a content-segment identifier of ID-Prog-B1. Based on this record, the sequencing system can cause the content-distribution system 102 to broadcast Program B, Segment 1, by causing various components of the content-distribution system 102 to perform various acts. For example, the sequencing system can cause a particular content source, namely a content server identified by the identifier ID-Server-A, to, sometime before 06:00:00:00, load Program B, Segment 1 (as identified by the identifier ID-Prog-B1). Further, the sequencing system can cause the content server to, at time 06:00:00:00, playout Program B, Segment 1. Further, the sequencing system can cause one or more components of the networking system to, at time 06:00:00:00, change their input-to-output mappings such that the content server can start transmitting Program B, Segment 1, via the networking system, to the distribution component.

Record 55 corresponds to an event of the content-distribution system 102 receiving a program segment from a satellite receiver, and broadcasting the program segment. Record 55 includes a description of Program C, Segment 1, a start time of 07:00:00:00, a start time type of Absolute, and a content-source identifier of ID-Receiver-B. Based on this record, the sequencing system can cause the content-distribution system 102 to broadcast Program C, Segment 1 by causing various components of the content-distribution system 102 to perform various acts. For example, the sequencing system can cause one or more components of the networking system to, at time 07:00:00:00, change their input-to-output mappings such that a particular content source, namely a satellite receiver identified by the identifier ID-Receiver-B, can start transmitting Program C, Segment 1, via the networking system, to the distribution component.

Notably, record 55 does not include a duration. This can be a result of the next record, Record 56, including a Manual start-time type as described below.

Record 56 corresponds to an event of the content-distribution system 102 using a content server to playout a commercial and broadcasting the commercial. Record 56 includes a description of Commercial T, a start-time type of Manual, a duration of 00:00:30:00, and a content-source identifier of ID-Server-A. Based on this record, the sequencing system can cause the content-distribution system 102 to broadcast Commercial T, by causing various components of the content-distribution system 102 to perform various acts. For example, the sequencing system can cause a particular content source, namely a content server identified by the identifier ID-Server-A, to, before a to-be-determined (TBD) start time, load Commercial T (as identified by the identifier ID-Com-T). Further, the sequencing system can cause the content server to, at the TBD start time, playout Commercial T. Further, the sequencing system can cause one or more components of the networking system to, at the TBD start time, change their input-to-output mappings such that the content server can start transmitting Commercial T, via the networking system, to the distribution component.

As noted above, a manual start-time type indicates that the start time is when a trigger event occurs. As such, with respect to the event of Record 56, until the sequencing system can determine that the trigger event occurred, the sequencing system can be unable to determine a start time of the event of Record 56 (or the start times of the events of Records 57-60, which depend on the start time of the event of Record 56).

During the event of Record 55, the sequencing system can detect that the trigger event occurred. In one example, the sequencing system can detect this by making a determination that a particular signal is embedded in Program C, Segment 1. The particular signal can be a commercial roll signal, which in one example, can be an audio tone according to the Audio Cue Tone standard set forth in ANSI/SCTE 35 2013. In one example, the sequencing system can make this determination by periodically generating audio fingerprint data of portions of Program C, Segment 1 and comparing each to reference fingerprint data of the tone until a match is found. However, other techniques for making this determination are possible as well.

As noted above, the coordination system 114 can use broadcast-schedule data to facilitate the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation. According to one configuration, the coordination system 114 can access broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel (e.g., a channel that is identified using one or more of the techniques described above). In one example, the content-distribution system 102 or a component thereof (e.g., the scheduling system) can transmit, perhaps periodically, broadcast-schedule data (e.g., some or all of the broadcast-schedule data in the broadcast schedule 500) to the coordination system 114. In another example, the content-distribution system 102 or a component thereof can publish, perhaps periodically, broadcast-schedule data such that the coordination system 114 can access it. The content-distribution system 102 can transmit or publish such data and the coordination system 114 can access such data in various ways, such as in any ways now known or later discovered.

The coordination system 114 can use the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. In one example, this can involve the coordination system 114 (i) accessing first broadcast-schedule data associated with the channel, (ii) extracting, from among the accessed first broadcast-schedule data associated with the channel, second broadcast-schedule data related to one or more broadcast-related events scheduled within a predefined upcoming duration (e.g., two minutes, five minutes, fifteen minutes, etc.), and (iii) using the extracted second broadcast-schedule data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

The coordination system 114 can use the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel in various ways. For example, this can involve the coordination system 114 (i) detecting a match between the accessed broadcast-schedule data and reference data that corresponds with a reference modifiable content segment, and (ii) identifying the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel based at least in part on the detected match. For example, the coordination system 114 can detect a match between an ISCI key of an advertisement segment scheduled for broadcast and an ISCI key that corresponds to a reference modifiable content segment. As another example, coordination system 114 can detect a match between a house identifier of an advertisement segment and a house identifier that corresponds to a reference modifiable content segment.

To further refine the process of the coordination system 114 identifying an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel, the coordination system 114 can also use content-transition data in addition to the broadcast-schedule data. This use of content-transition data and related concepts will now be described.

As the content-distribution system 102 receives and/or transmits content, the content-distribution system 102 can detect transitions in the content. The content-distribution system 102 can then generate corresponding content-transition data, which the coordination system 114 can access (e.g., as a result of the content-distribution system 102 transmitting the content-transition data to the coordination system 114), such that the coordination system 114 can use the accessed broadcast-schedule data and the accessed content-transition data in combination to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. In one illustrative example, the content-distribution system 102 can access content after it is output by a distribution amplifier within the content-distribution system 102, for the purpose of detecting transitions in the content.

The content-distribution system 102 can detect various types of transitions and in various ways, such as by using any techniques now known or later discovered. For example, the content-distribution system 102 can detect a to-black or from-black transition. In this context, black content refers to one or more frames of video content that are generally black, but that can include some insignificant non-black content (e.g., resulting from static or noise). Black content sometimes sits in between two content segments (e.g., between a program segment and an advertisement segment). Thus, a to-black transition can represent a frame pair that includes the last frame of the program segment and an initial frame of the intervening black content that follows. Similarly, a from-black transition can represent a frame pair that includes the last frame of the intervening black content and an initial frame of the advertisement segment.

As another example, the content-distribution system 102 can detect a scene-change transition, which refers to a video content transition between a first portion of video content and a second portion of video content that is sufficiently different than the first portion of video content (e.g., based on predefined criteria). As such, a scene-change transition can represent a frame pair that includes a last frame of a first content segment (e.g., a first advertisement segment) and an initial frame of a second content segment (e.g., a second advertisement segment), or a frame pair where each frame is from a different scene or cut within a given content segment.

The content-distribution system 102 can detect content transitions such as those described above in various ways, such as by analyzing various properties of the content (e.g., luminance and/or chroma values) together with rules, threshold levels, and the like to detect whether and where a given transition is present within the content. By considering both the broadcast-schedule data and the content-transition data, the coordination system 114 can hone-in and more precisely identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity. For example, using the broadcast-schedule data, the coordination system 114 can identify an estimated start time (based on the scheduled start time) when a modifiable content segment (associated with an upcoming content-modification opportunity) is scheduled to start and then can use the above-described content-transition data to further hone-in on a more precise start time of the upcoming content-modification opportunity.

Additionally or alternatively, to further refine the process of the coordination system 114 identifying an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel, the coordination system 114 can also use in-band message data in addition to the broadcast-schedule data. This use of in-band message data and related concepts will now be described.

As the content-distribution system 102 receives and/or transmits content, the content-distribution system 102 can detect in-band message data that designates a splice point in the corresponding content stream. The coordination system 114 can access this message data (e.g., as a result of the content-distribution system 102 transmitting the message data to the coordination system 114) such that the coordination system 114 can use the accessed broadcast-schedule data and the accessed message data in combination to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

By considering both the broadcast schedule data and the in-band message data, the coordination system 114 can hone-in and more precisely identify a content segment of the channel. For example, using the broadcast-schedule data, the coordination system 114 can identify an estimated start time (based on the scheduled start time) when a modifiable content segment (associated with an upcoming content-modification opportunity) is scheduled to start and then can use the above-described message data to further hone-in on a more precise start time of the upcoming content-modification opportunity.

Additionally or alternatively, to further refine the process of the coordination system 114 identifying an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel, the coordination system 114 can also consider content-characteristic data in addition to the broadcast-schedule data. This use of content-characteristic data and related concepts will now be described.

As the content-distribution system 102 receives and/or transmits content, the content-distribution system 102 can detect characteristics of the content. The content-distribution system 102 can then generate corresponding content-characteristic data, which the coordination system 114 can access (e.g., as a result of the content-distribution system 102 transmitting the content-characteristic data to the coordination system 114), such that the coordination system 114 can use the accessed broadcast-schedule data and the accessed content-characteristic data in combination to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. As one illustrative example, the content-distribution system 102 can access content after it is output by a distribution amplifier within the content-distribution system 102, for the purpose of detecting content characteristics.

The content-distribution system 102 can detect various types of content characteristics and in various ways, such as by using any techniques now known or later discovered. For example, the content-distribution system 102 can detect that certain information included in the content (e.g., a channel/station logo in the lower right-hand region of the content) changes from being present to being absent, which can indicate that the start of the content segment is expected within some specific duration (e.g., three seconds). This can be based on the fact that a given channel can remove a channel logo exactly three seconds before transitioning to a commercial break.

As noted above, the coordination system 114 can identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel, which it can do in various ways, such as by using broadcast-schedule data, content-transition data, in-band message data, content-characteristic data, or any combination thereof. After the coordination system 114 identifies the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel, the coordination system 114 can determine that the content-presentation device 104 is receiving content on the channel. The coordination system 114 can determine this in various ways. For example, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit a channel identifier to the content-presentation device 104, which the content-presentation device 104 can in turn transmit, perhaps together with a device identifier, to the coordination system 114. Based on this information, the coordination system 114 can determine that the content-presentation device 104 is receiving content on the channel.

The content-distribution system 102 can transmit the channel identifier to the content-presentation device 104 in various ways, such as in the form of in-band message data, which will now be described in greater detail.

The content distribution system 102 can insert in-band message data in association with a portion of content that the content-distribution system 102 transmits to the content-presentation device 104. This insertion can take place within the transmission chain in the content-distribution system 102 such that the content-distribution system 102 can receive content, modify the content with the insertion, and then transmit the modified version of the content for eventual receipt by the content presentation-device 104. In this way, the content-distribution system 102 can encode the channel identifier and/or other data into the portion of content, such that it can later be received and extracted by the content-presentation device 104. In practice, for each identified upcoming modifiable content segment, the content distribution system 102 can insert corresponding in-band message data in this way. This this can allow the content-distribution system 102 to insert in-band message data into each frame of the content being transmitted by the content-distribution system 102 to the content-presentation device 104.

Additionally, or alternatively, the content distribution system 102 can insert a link (e.g., a URL) to data, such as the data described above, that is hosted on a server, etc.

The content distribution system 102 can insert in-band message data in various ways, such as by using any watermarking technique now known or later discovered. For example, the content distribution system 102 can use an audio and/or video watermarking technique such as the video watermarking technique described in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 Video Watermark Emission standard.

In the case of video watermarking, the data can be inserted into a single frame of video content or it can be divided up and inserted across multiple frames (e.g., across a group of consecutive frames), for instance. Moreover, the data can be inserted into a specific portion of one or more frames, such as in the top one or more rows.

Additionally or alternatively, the data can be inserted by being spread across a larger portion of one or more frames. This is sometimes referred to as steganographic data. In some cases, steganographic data may be embedded within the content by modifying the image information (i.e., pixel values) of the video content in one or more frames so as to be substantially visually imperceptible. Such steganographic data embedding may take advantage of limits of the human visual perception system to modify the presented visual information in a manner that can be detected (and underlying data recovered) via subsequent digital processing of the video content, but without being perceptible to an unaided human viewer of the content-presentation device 104. With this approach, the content-distribution system 102 can consider the level of entropy of a given portion of content (e.g., in the arrangement of pixel values of a given frame), to determine whether there is sufficient entropy to insert the desired amount of in-band message data into that portion of content. In the case where the entropy level is low, the content-distribution system 102 can decide to forgo inserting in-band message data into that portion of content. For example, a dark or substantially uniform frame of video content may not allow for steganographically embedding data, because introducing even a subtle variation in pixel values within a uniform region may be visually perceptible. However, a patterned or otherwise variable frame of video content may have a relatively high tolerance for allowing pixel values to be varied without such variation becoming visually perceptible. In some cases, the content-distribution system 102 may process upcoming frames of video content and determine which frames to insert steganographic data while forgoing insertion in any frames that are not suitable, as indicated by the entropy of those frames.

The content-presentation device 104 can then receive the in-band message data. In one example, this can involve the content-presentation device 104 receiving the portion of content associated with the in-band message data and extracting the in-band message data from the portion of content. In this way, the content-presentation device 104 can decode the in-band message data from the portion of content. In the case where the in-band message data is a link, the content-presentation device 104 can use the link to retrieve data. In either case, the content-presentation device 104 can then transmit the extracted or retrieved data to the coordination system 114. As such, the content-presentation device 104 can transmit the channel identifier to the coordination system 114, for instance.

In one example, like the content-distribution system 102, the content presentation-device 104 can assess the entropy level of a given portion of content (e.g., of a given frame), to determine whether there is sufficient entropy such that the content-distribution system 102 would have (in accordance with a predefined rule, such as that described above) inserted in-band message data into that portion of content. This can allow the content-presentation device 104 to detect a situation where in-band message data is not present for the reason that the portion of content had low entropy, rather than for the reason that the content-distribution system 102 did not have any data to insert as in-band message data, or for another reason.

The coordination system 114 can determine that the content-presentation device 104 is receiving content on the channel in other ways as well. For example, the coordination system 114 can use a fingerprint-based technique, such as the ones described in this disclosure, to identify a channel on which the content-presentation device 104 is receiving content. The coordination system 114 can then communicate with the content-presentation device 104 to determine that the content-presentation device 104 is receiving content on the channel.

The coordination system 114 can also determine a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device 104 and the channel. In one example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine the content-transmission delay and then the coordination system 114 can communicate with the content-presentation device 104 to determine the content-transmission delay (e.g., the content-presentation device 104 can transmit to the coordination system 114 an indication of the content-transmission delay).

The content-presentation device 104 can determine the content-transmission delay in various ways. For example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine the content-transmission delay by using the fingerprint-based technique described above. In another example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine the content-transmission delay by using a watermark-based based technique described, an example of which will now be described.

In the context of the content-distribution system 102 transmitting content to the content-presentation device 104, the content-distribution system 102 can determine the transmission time of the content and can also transmit the transmission time to the content-presentation device 104, which the content-presentation device 104 can receive.

In one example, the content-distribution system 102 can transmit the transmission time by inserting it into the content in the form of in-band message data as described above (perhaps together with an inserted channel identifier). In this case, the content-presentation device 104 can then receive the content and extract the transmission time from the content.

In other examples, rather than the content-presentation device 104 determining the transmission time and transmitting it to the coordination system 114, the content-presentation device 104 can instead transmit to the coordination system 114 the relevant data that it has such that the coordination system 114 can determine the content-transmission delay itself, such as in the ways described above.

As noted above, the coordination system 114 can determine that the content-presentation device 104 is receiving content on the channel and can further determine a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device 104 and the channel. After making these determinations, the coordination system 114 can cause the content-presentation device 104 to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device 104 performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

In one example, causing the content-presentation device 104 to perform the action can involve transmitting to the content-presentation device 104, an instruction for the content-presentation device 104 to start performing the content-modification operation starting at a specified time-point or at a time-point to be determined by the content-presentation device 104. Either such time is referred to in this context as a modification-start time. In some cases, the coordination system 114 can determine the modification-start time, such that the instruction can be an instruction for the content-presentation device 104 to start performing the content-modification operation starting at the determined modification start-time.

The coordination system 114 can determine the modification start-time in various ways. For example, the coordination system 114 can start with the start-time of the identified upcoming modification opportunity (which the coordination system 114 can determine based on the broadcast-schedule data, content transition data, etc.) and add the determined content-transmission delay to arrive at the modification start-time. This can allow the content-presentation device 104 to account for any timing differences between a start-time of a given modifiable content segment, as specified in a broadcast schedule on the one hand, and a time at which a modifiable content segment starts to be received by the content-presentation device 104, on the other hand.

The modification start-time (and other time-points discussed herein) can be expressed in various ways. For example, the modification start-time can be expressed as a precise time-point, or perhaps as a time-period remaining until a precise time-point, for instance.

The content-presentation device 104 can then perform an action in connection with performing a content-modification operation starting at the modification start time and ending at a modification end time. The action can include one or more of the operations described above in connection with the content-presentation device 104 preparing for and/or performing a content-modification operation. For example, the content-presentation device 104 can retrieve supplemental content, which it can use in connection with performing a content-modification operation starting at the modification start-time and ending at the modification end-time, for instance.

In some examples, responsive to identifying the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel, the coordination system 114 can preemptively cause supplemental content to be transmitted (e.g., by the content-management system 108) to the content-presentation device 104, such as in any of the ways described above, to facilitate the content-presentation device 104 performing a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

After the content-presentation device 104 performs the content-modification operation, the content-presentation device 104 can transmit to the coordination system 114, an indication that such operation was performed, perhaps together data related to the performed operation (e.g., data relating to the timing of the operation). The coordination system 114 can in turn transmit this data to the data-management system 110 for logging purposes.

In practice, the various features described above can be implemented in connection with multiple content-presentation devices. As such, in one configuration, the coordination system 114 can determine that each of multiple content-presentation devices is receiving content on the channel, and can further determine a respective content-transmission delay for each content-presentation device. The coordination system 114 can then cause each content-presentation device (or a proper subset of them) to perform a respective action to facilitate the respective content-presentation device performing, at a respective time-point that accounts for the respective determined content-transmission delay, a respective content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. Among other things, this can allow the coordination system 114 to dictate which content-presentation devices should perform which content-modification operations, etc.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example method 600. At block 602, the method 600 includes accessing, by a computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel.

At block 604, the method 600 includes using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

At block 606, the method 600 includes determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel.

At block 608, the method 600 includes determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel.

At block 610, the method 600 includes causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.

N. Operations Related to the Content-Presentation Device Aborting Performing a Partially Performed Content-Modification Operation.

In some instances, while the content-presentation device 104 is performing a content-modification operation, the content-presentation device 104 can monitor the underlying content that it is receiving, to detect whether the content-presentation device 104 is continuing to receive a modifiable content-segment, as expected. If the content-presentation device 104 is continuing to receive the modifiable content-segment as expected, the content-presentation device 104 can continue to perform the content-modification operation, as originally planned.

On the other hand, if the content-presentation device 104 is not continuing to receive the modifiable content-segment as expected (e.g., resulting from the content-presentation device changing channels), the content-presentation device 104 can abort performing the partially performed content-modification operation instead.

Among other things, this functionality can help ensure that the content-presentation device 104 operates in a way that better adheres to the overall desired functionality of the content-modification system 100 and that helps provide a better user experience. Example ways in which this functionality can be provided will now be discussed.

For context, this functionality can be performed in connection with a situation in which the content-distribution system 102 transmits to the content-presentation device 104, a content sequence, which the content-presentation device 104 can receive. The content sequence includes a first portion (e.g. a content segment that is not modifiable) followed by a second portion (e.g., a modifiable content segment). The content-presentation device 104 can present the first portion of the content sequence and can perform a content-modification operation, wherein performing the content-modification operation involves presenting supplemental media content instead of at least some of the second portion of the content sequence.

While performing the content-modification operation, the content-presentation device 104 can (i) monitor advancement of the second portion of the content sequence, for in-band message data included in the second portion of the content sequence, and (ii) based on the monitoring, determine that the second portion of the content sequence was interrupted by interrupting content.

The content-presentation device 104 can determine that the second portion of the content sequence was interrupted by interrupting content in various ways. For example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine this by comparing a first channel identifier extracted from the second portion of the content sequence and a second channel identifier extracted from the interrupting content, and determining that the first channel identifier and the second channel identifier do not match. As another example, the content-presentation device 104 can determine this by detecting that the second portion of the content sequence includes a channel identifier embedded therein as in-band message data, whereas the second interrupting content does not have a channel identifier embedded therein as in-band message data. This can occur for various reasons, such as due to an emergency alert (that causes emergency alert content to be overlaid) or due to invocation of an on-screen programming guide.

Then, responsive to determining that the second portion of the sequence of media content was interrupted by interrupting media content, the content-presentation device 104 can switch from presenting the supplemental content to presenting the interrupting media content instead.

In a second example, the content-modification operation can operate the same way as in the first example described above, except that while performing the content-modification operation, the content-presentation device 104 can instead (i) monitor advancement of the second portion of the content sequence by comparing fingerprint data representing the second portion of the content sequence with reference fingerprint data representing expected content, and (ii) based on the monitoring, determine that the second portion of the content sequence was interrupted by interrupting content, wherein determining that the second portion of the content sequence was interrupted by interrupting content comprises determining that the comparing resulted in no match being found.

In either of these two examples, the content-presentation device 104 can alternatively transmit the data that it uses to determine that the second portion of the content sequence was interrupted by interrupting content, to the coordination system 114, such that the coordination system 114 can instead itself determine that the second portion of the content sequence was interrupted by interrupting content. In this scenario, the coordination system 114 can then cause the content-presentation device 104 to switch from presenting the supplemental content to presenting the interrupting media content instead, such as by transmitting a suitable instruction to the content-presentation device 104.

IV. Example Variations

Although the examples and features described above have been described in connection with specific entities and specific operations, in practice, there are likely to be many instances of these entities and many instances of these operations being performed, perhaps contemporaneously or simultaneously, on a large-scale basis. Indeed, in practice, the content-modification system 100 is likely to include many content-distribution systems (each potentially transmitting content on many channels) and many content-presentation devices, with some or all of the described operations being performed on a routine and repeating basis in connection with some or all of these entities.

In addition, although some of the operations described in this disclosure have been described as being performed by a particular entity, the operations can be performed by any entity, such as the other entities described in this disclosure. Further, although the operations have been recited in a particular order and/or in connection with example temporal language, the operations need not be performed in the order recited and need not be performed in accordance with any particular temporal restrictions. However, in some instances, it can be desired to perform one or more of the operations in the order recited, in another order, and/or in a manner where at least some of the operations are performed contemporaneously/simultaneously. Likewise, in some instances, it can be desired to perform one or more of the operations in accordance with one more or the recited temporal restrictions or with other timing restrictions. Further, each of the described operations can be performed responsive to performance of one or more of the other described operations. Also, not all of the operations need to be performed to achieve one or more of the benefits provided by the disclosure, and therefore not all of the operations are required.

Although certain variations have been described in connection with one or more examples of this disclosure, these variations can also be applied to some or all of the other examples of this disclosure as well and therefore aspects of this disclosure can be combined and/or arranged in many ways. The examples described in this disclosure were selected at least in part because they help explain the practical application of the various described features.

Also, although select examples of this disclosure have been described, alterations and permutations of these examples will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other changes, substitutions, and/or alterations are also possible without departing from the invention in its broader aspects as set forth in the following claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: accessing, by a computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing system is a coordination system component of a content-modification system.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the content-presentation device is a television and the content is video content.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises: accessing first broadcast-schedule data associated with the channel; extracting, from among the accessed first broadcast-schedule data associated with the channel, second broadcast-schedule data related to one or more broadcast-related events scheduled within a predefined upcoming time-period; and using the extracted second broadcast-schedule data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises using the accessed broadcast-schedule data and content-transition data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises using the accessed broadcast-schedule data and content-characteristic data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises using the accessed broadcast-schedule data and in-band message data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel comprises: receiving, from the content-presentation device, a channel identifier that the content-presentation device extracted from content transmitted from a content-distribution system to the content-presentation device; and using the received channel identifier to determine that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel comprises: receiving from the content-presentation device, a channel identifier that the content-presentation device determined based on detecting a match between (i) query fingerprint data representing content received by the content-presentation device, and (ii) reference fingerprint data associated with the channel; and using the received channel identifier to determine that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel comprises: receiving from the content-presentation device, an indication of a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel, wherein the content-presentation device determined the content-transmission delay based on (i) a transmission time that the content-presentation device extracted from content transmitted from a content-distribution system to the content-presentation device, and (ii) a corresponding receipt time at which the content-presentation device received the content; and using the received indication of the content-transmission delay to determine the content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the content-modification operation comprises a content-replacement operation.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the content-modification operation comprises a content-overlay operation.
 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a modification-start time; wherein causing the content-presentation device to perform the action comprises transmitting to the content-presentation device, an instruction for the content-presentation device to start performing the content-modification operation starting at the determined modification-start time.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the modification-start time comprises adding the determined content-transmission delay to a scheduled start time of the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the action comprises: retrieving, by the content-presentation device, supplemental content; and using, by the content-presentation device, the received supplemental content in connection with performing the content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon program instructions that, upon execution by a processor, cause performance of a set of operations comprising: accessing, by a computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the computing system is a coordination system component of a content-modification system.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the content-presentation device is a television and the content is video content.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises: accessing first broadcast-schedule data associated with the channel; extracting, from among the accessed first broadcast-schedule data associated with the channel, second broadcast-schedule data related to one or more broadcast-related events scheduled within a predefined upcoming time-period; and using the extracted second broadcast-schedule data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises using the accessed broadcast-schedule data and content-transition data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises using the accessed broadcast-schedule data and content-characteristic data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein using the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel comprises using the accessed broadcast-schedule data and in-band message data to identify the upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein determining that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel comprises: receiving, from the content-presentation device, a channel identifier that the content-presentation device extracted from content transmitted from a content-distribution system to the content-presentation device; and using the received channel identifier to determine that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein determining that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel comprises: receiving from the content-presentation device, a channel identifier that the content-presentation device determined based on detecting a match between (i) query fingerprint data representing content received by the content-presentation device, and (ii) reference fingerprint data associated with the channel; and using the received channel identifier to determine that the content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel.
 25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein determining the content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel comprises: receiving from the content-presentation device, an indication of a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel, wherein the content-presentation device determined the content-transmission delay based on (i) a transmission time that the content-presentation device extracted from content transmitted from a content-distribution system to the content-presentation device, and (ii) a corresponding receipt time at which the content-presentation device received the content; and using the received indication of the content-transmission delay to determine the content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel.
 26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the content-modification operation comprises a content-replacement operation.
 27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the content-modification operation comprises a content-overlay operation.
 28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the set of operations further comprising: determining a modification-start time; wherein causing the content-presentation device to perform the action comprises transmitting to the content-presentation device, an instruction for the content-presentation device to start performing the content-modification operation starting at the determined modification-start time.
 29. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 28, wherein determining the modification-start time comprises adding the determined content-transmission delay to a scheduled start time of the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity.
 30. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 28, wherein the action comprises: retrieving, by the content-presentation device, the supplemental content; and using, by the content-presentation device, the received supplemental content in connection with performing the content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel.
 31. A computing system comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon program instructions that, upon execution by the processor, cause performance of a set of operations comprising: accessing, by the computing system, broadcast-schedule data associated with a channel; using, by the computing system, the accessed broadcast-schedule data to identify an upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel; determining, by the computing system, that a content-presentation device is receiving content on the channel; determining, by the computing system, a content-transmission delay associated with the content-presentation device and the channel; and causing, by the computing system, the content-presentation device to perform an action to facilitate the content-presentation device performing, during a time-period that accounts for the determined content-transmission delay, a content-modification operation related to the identified upcoming content-modification opportunity on the channel. 